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Background & Aims of the Study: one of the most important health aspects health care systems is patient safety and medication errors can threaten this safety. The purpose of this research was evaluation of refusing to report the medication errors and effect on Patent safety in Razi teaching hospital after healthcare reform during 2014-2015.

Materials and Methods: This study is cross-sectional study that has been accomplished in way of descriptive-analytical. The environment of research is Razi teaching hospital of Ahwaz. The population studied consisted of nurses working in different wards of selected hospital. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. The results were analyzed by Excel and SPSS 16.0.

Results: The results showed 60% of medication errors report by nurses. The results showed that the most important reasons for not reporting medication errors were related to the managerial factors (3.85 ± 1.512). This factor can be very important on patent safety. Factors related to the fear of the consequences of reporting 3.80 ± 1.301 and process of reporting were 3.21 ± 1.231, respectively.

Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the management factors was important reason not reporting medication errors. Encourage nursing, good drug administration, Training of appropriate, using instruments suitable and decrease direct contact with patient can increase causes report errors. Increase the report of medication errors can help to management these errors and reduction of injures to patients.