en Educational Health Educational Health پژوهشي Original Article <table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td align="left"><strong>Background & Aims of the Study:</strong> Infestation of humans&nbsp;by&nbsp;lice has a&nbsp;long history and is still recognized as a recurring disease and a global health problem. In this regard, mothers, as the backbone of the family, play a peculiar role in children&#39;s health. The present study aimed to determine the effect of education on the promotion of pediculosis preventive behaviors&nbsp;in mothers of female primary school students.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div style="clear:both;"></div><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> The current study was conducted using interventional design and multi-stage random sampling method in collaboration with 176 mothers of female primary school students in Qom in the academic year of 2018-2019. The data collection tool was a valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire comprising of three sections: demographic information, awareness questions, and preventive behavior questionnaire. The educational intervention for mothers in the test group was held in four 90-minute sessions for 2 weeks. After 3 months, the post-test questionnaires were completed again. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 16). A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significance. <table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td align="left"><strong>Results:</strong> The results of statistical tests demonstrated no statistically significant difference between the test and control groups in terms of demographic variables (P<0.05). There was a significant difference between the mean score of preventive behavior in the test group before and 3 months after the intervention (P<0.001). On the other hand, no significant difference was observed in the control group before and after the intervention (P= 0.66). There was a significant difference between the mean score of awareness in the test group before and 3 months after the educational intervention (P<0.001). Moreover, the mean difference between the awareness score and preventive behavior between the test group and the control showed a significant difference (P <0.001).<br> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> As evidenced by the obtained results, maternal education can increase the level of awareness and promote pediculosis preventive behaviors. Therefore, mothers&#39; participation in educational programs in schools and comprehensive health centers can help change people&#39;s pediculosis preventive behaviors.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div style="clear:both;"></div><strong>Conclusion:</strong> As Awareness, Behavior, prevention and control, Mothers, Pediculosis. 132 142 http://jhygiene.muq.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-245-3&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Roghayeh Mohammadpour رقیه محمدپور r.mohammadpour1390@gmail.com 0000-0002-2741-7389 No a Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran hadi Zamanian هادی زمانیان hadi.zamanian@gmail.com 0000-0003-1472-6040 No a Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran Ahmad Rahbar احمد راهبر ahm418rahbar@yahoo.com 0000-0003-4328-2645 No Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran Siamak Mohebi سیامک محبی mohebisiamak@yahoo.com 0000-0002-9407-6385 Yes a Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran